LESSON 4

Personal Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns are words that refer to the persons speaking, the persons spoken to, or the persons or things spoken about. Personal pronouns in English are: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they as subject forms, and: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them as object forms. In Macedonian there are two types of personal pronouns, full and short. The dative short forms are equal to the possessive pronouns short forms.

Please note, the 2nd person singular ти is an informal form, used when addressing a close friend, a child, or a member of one's family. The polite form is the 2nd person plural вие, most usually spelled with a capital letter Вие.

Samples:
Јас и ти. - Me and you. (literal translation: I and you)
Те сакам. - I love you. (literal translation: You I-love)
Ме сакаш. - You love me. (literal translation: Me you-love)
Те сакам тебе. - I love you. (literal translation: You I-love you; meaning: I love you, not him/her)
Јас те сакам тебе. - I love you. (literal translation: I you I-love you; meaning: I love you, and not him/her)
Те сакам само тебе. - I love only you. (literal translation: You I-love only you)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns are words that describe a noun and show ownership. In English they are: my, your, his, her, its, our, their; and: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. In Macedonian, possessive pronouns have short and full forms. The short forms always stay after the noun, and the full forms usually stay before the noun. The full forms can be indefinite and definite, and agree in gender and number with the modified noun.

Samples:
Книгата е моја. - That book is mine. (the possessive pronoun 'moja' is in 3rd person singular, feminine, indefinite form)
Тоа е моја книга. - That is my book. (the possessive pronoun 'moja' is in 3rd person singular, feminine, indefinite form)
Мојата книга е бела. - My book is white. (the possessive pronoun 'mojata' is in 3rd person singular, feminine, definite form)
Кучето е мое. - That dog is mine. (the possessive pronoun 'moe' is in 3rd person singular, neuter, indefinite form)
Моето куче е бело. - My dog is white. (the possessive pronoun 'moeto' is in 3rd person singular, neuter, definite form)

The short forms are usually used when describe a familly member, a relative, a close friend etc. and always stay after the noun:

Татко ти и мајка ти. - Your father and your mother. (the possessive pronoun 'ti' is in 2nd person singular)
Братучед ми и другар ми се кај мене. - My cousin and my friend are at me. (the possessive pronoun 'mi' is in 1st person singular)

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative pronouns in Macedonian have three forms according to the gender and the number: a basic definite form, a form for close, and a form for far. The plural forms are same for all three genders.